Identification and description | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | ELVASTON CASTLE | ||||||
Location |
|
||||||
Localisation | Latitude: 52.891931 Longitude: -1.3848820 National Grid Reference: SK 41482 32897 Map: Download a full scale map (PDF) |
||||||
label.localisation | [52.8971683727348,-1.38904027161316], [52.8969549697182,-1.38822551936936], [52.8968396608579,-1.38777144952714], [52.896668112309,-1.3878058261342], [52.8964443544768,-1.38786319093299], [52.8962632650483,-1.38789175525157], [52.8959951398913,-1.38792384909447], [52.8958743106729,-1.38793396420845], [52.8956744652661,-1.38793034209474], [52.8955031683372,-1.38792631797032], [52.8953850139118,-1.38791295363904], [52.8953271461148,-1.38790022685714], [52.8952471140199,-1.38787774884948], [52.8951212972391,-1.38783232563256], [52.895009769971,-1.38779141349278], [52.8949132204454,-1.38776296999335], [52.8948261680403,-1.38774059133815], [52.8945868509498,-1.38769355716688], [52.8944729488813,-1.3876854998731], [52.8944079991767,-1.38767138700524], [52.8942924854257,-1.38761746632251], [52.8941552040962,-1.38756276751384], [52.8938863492705,-1.38745329054061], [52.8937404285122,-1.38738454899264], [52.8936082531233,-1.38733508614881], [52.8935509992208,-1.38730369754205], [52.8934858946999,-1.38725956224559], [52.893415694156,-1.38723480736322], [52.893337126199,-1.38721562556764], [52.8930742862913,-1.38716741133749], [52.8926229487916,-1.38709355483805], [52.8925429985533,-1.38708524370724], [52.8924555933687,-1.38710952975079], [52.8914847243765,-1.37869499762608], [52.8913892228591,-1.37772137132308], [52.8913448837704,-1.37726088589954], [52.891271183855,-1.37641837439166], [52.8911772551273,-1.37538152165036], [52.8911165137457,-1.37468251318924], [52.8908236275239,-1.37180710756718], [52.8906724172695,-1.37037213380114], [52.8904527540995,-1.36838411419235], [52.8903631275515,-1.36835001275767], [52.8902786101135,-1.36832833698022], [52.8901726284079,-1.36828516926808], [52.8900993104222,-1.36824970166051], [52.8900560638683,-1.36837180466459], [52.890033583454,-1.36843819686903], [52.8899997881157,-1.36848651659726], [52.8899721531653,-1.3685014985203], [52.8899454167543,-1.36849610526154], [52.8900691333455,-1.37016008322863], [52.8900803517869,-1.37026347062732], [52.8901345883106,-1.37086313236807], [52.8901930880944,-1.3714433972691], [52.8902964080555,-1.37240000097345], [52.8904066302871,-1.3735214296974], [52.8904760794346,-1.37422197932121], [52.8905039040247,-1.37448191997723], [52.8905092118687,-1.37453392376474], [52.8905060889105,-1.37466989132217], [52.8905716394435,-1.37466633242802], [52.8906001859848,-1.37506373228656], [52.8906602958258,-1.3756326898136], [52.8907310054849,-1.37643362918482], [52.8907963348002,-1.37710093927922], [52.8908469241801,-1.3776819438626], [52.8909020196806,-1.37821584333646], [52.8909606341139,-1.37869939678942], [52.8910573771028,-1.37961446645624], [52.8911466565058,-1.38043733078256], [52.8912758758644,-1.38150472591834], [52.8913550432949,-1.38210899809087], [52.8919219237607,-1.38730635617381], [52.8916085489491,-1.3874193207398], [52.8913628656162,-1.38750630002884], [52.8913545967221,-1.38761472562835], [52.891299234383,-1.38762592473853], [52.8912636080388,-1.38755768384772], [52.8911692643886,-1.38758401305135], [52.8910958109128,-1.38761530943612], [52.890876465614,-1.38769861601587], [52.8904377353246,-1.38785580393195], [52.8902953781099,-1.38792387444429], [52.8902528407174,-1.38797638967501], [52.8902366689335,-1.38799913471426], [52.8902349584046,-1.38802133432509], [52.8902808929249,-1.3886340227767], [52.890343045443,-1.38962369238544], [52.890371113582,-1.39003220901614], [52.8904631950672,-1.39003091697089], [52.8904826914884,-1.39049310663894], [52.8905181337357,-1.39131153372088], [52.8905376152454,-1.39165236796238], [52.8905557694204,-1.39216796602245], [52.8906091366579,-1.39330727703956], [52.8906220470106,-1.39362987831199], [52.8906185177978,-1.39367992696358], [52.8906086219538,-1.39371546882775], [52.8905898974193,-1.39374905298052], [52.890572388883,-1.39377429681226], [52.890529619179,-1.39378529739929], [52.8904189283044,-1.39381808300575], [52.8903740521267,-1.3938214584502], [52.8901838531857,-1.39383207714418], [52.8898860354657,-1.39381510982348], [52.8895685933145,-1.3938174554283], [52.8894326413612,-1.39383601221848], [52.889378517117,-1.39384509000347], [52.8893859516264,-1.39401610003888], [52.8893938557916,-1.39413646660376], [52.8892315239728,-1.39416997008816], [52.889106282773,-1.39419290945114], [52.8891047194744,-1.39388633148957], [52.8888008088205,-1.39396140306375], [52.8887581219037,-1.39397454205616], [52.8886967308071,-1.39398648518416], [52.888548325187,-1.39398855389677], [52.888320660482,-1.39398377608946], [52.8881714980277,-1.39397493163439], [52.8877868688581,-1.39397558185906], [52.8875663417522,-1.39396199549102], [52.8875545964569,-1.393892263109], [52.8874546058362,-1.39386216453917], [52.8873086557277,-1.39382396805408], [52.887284686609,-1.39381806026159], [52.8872481666127,-1.3938206501125], [52.8871927820631,-1.39380294897467], [52.8871355603114,-1.39377225449495], [52.887095443855,-1.39376238084057], [52.8870146955077,-1.39373850918221], [52.8867451619551,-1.39368345969935], [52.8865582122262,-1.39364907604194], [52.8864993443552,-1.39397767111742], [52.8864234299175,-1.39439237333668], [52.8863491723248,-1.3943650219955], [52.8863313557337,-1.3943686586325], [52.8863075140613,-1.39438774609521], [52.8862562355766,-1.39446134156105], [52.8861689978149,-1.39464582925751], [52.8861427770466,-1.39469201248043], [52.8861139970093,-1.39472990879493], [52.886070055249,-1.39475967879016], [52.886034846635,-1.39477265258101], [52.8859894645713,-1.39476496190815], [52.8859440203888,-1.39474683930706], [52.8858455618927,-1.39470864877543], [52.8857146836913,-1.39465561734895], [52.8856499440979,-1.39463847697776], [52.8855775255516,-1.39462449017877], [52.8854519274912,-1.39462152786712], [52.8854080161699,-1.39462726642517], [52.8853451481226,-1.39465105782932], [52.8852836004737,-1.39468523366843], [52.885252230927,-1.39471066698459], [52.8852182898043,-1.39472363777412], [52.885180532535,-1.39473040512959], [52.8851149460014,-1.39471465871044], [52.8850480610224,-1.39472107364023], [52.8850154921861,-1.39485521799452], [52.8850025348856,-1.39490573307907], [52.8849826257773,-1.39495390762079], [52.8849543475631,-1.39498974491642], [52.8848313071873,-1.39509364186604], [52.8847042875476,-1.39521229118898], [52.8846666991788,-1.39525402366673], [52.8846326283221,-1.39530863628773], [52.8845919051422,-1.39540917269174], [52.8845532178813,-1.39548052329155], [52.8845008591974,-1.39556986724569], [52.8844533019536,-1.39565059923792], [52.8844270808142,-1.39569678002587], [52.8843703547944,-1.39568923141125], [52.8843550358053,-1.39589413884043], [52.8843494953478,-1.39604564868309], [52.8843514839879,-1.3961893114454], [52.8843622798956,-1.39633077136601], [52.8843768933062,-1.39648051536749], [52.8843826015132,-1.39663273102891], [52.8844116065889,-1.3967346462217], [52.8844597873796,-1.39684388946756], [52.884589627317,-1.39694404976086], [52.8844159189332,-1.39697145510917], [52.8840017298042,-1.39702301522409], [52.883988937194,-1.39698569882606], [52.88398368153,-1.39694203635157], [52.8839808687695,-1.3968837764225], [52.8839880494379,-1.39681078458356], [52.8840014979797,-1.39672938368526], [52.8840218834665,-1.39663324856369], [52.8830034142037,-1.39670986904254], [52.8829672174175,-1.39667167460621], [52.8829105021506,-1.39666800340652], [52.8828754611571,-1.39668039283896], [52.8828659418926,-1.3969319780994], [52.8827129352243,-1.39693261411186], [52.8826529228903,-1.39716852229206], [52.8825807199294,-1.39712786975323], [52.8824690015942,-1.39717805634258], [52.8823925672678,-1.3972141267698], [52.8822981776488,-1.39727967595174], [52.8822226678323,-1.3973544737678], [52.8820762427955,-1.39754506350849], [52.881992912317,-1.39767135512572], [52.8819247046729,-1.39766515214934], [52.8818578768082,-1.39761903086337], [52.8817957315677,-1.39755678105004], [52.8817649608549,-1.3975018685499], [52.8816287388592,-1.39722270872819], [52.88149988758,-1.39695949721183], [52.881409107943,-1.3967780830571], [52.881324427221,-1.39660460938692], [52.881279133931,-1.39653295936785], [52.8812204334675,-1.39645347129276], [52.8811596646869,-1.39638447344757], [52.8810788962632,-1.39632294559989], [52.8809533494648,-1.39646811493859], [52.880924745811,-1.39657802832993], [52.8809058305905,-1.3967211673493], [52.8808918315145,-1.3967932827387], [52.8808451711726,-1.39693044633182], [52.880823829735,-1.39703311093618], [52.8808185579503,-1.39709079516174], [52.8808667382569,-1.39721594457666], [52.8809746380086,-1.39743553271366], [52.8811790427375,-1.39785619113885], [52.8814091080853,-1.39833488302893], [52.881573220073,-1.39869185243825], [52.8820238994291,-1.39959513490209], [52.8822545909991,-1.40006572294485], [52.8824298880062,-1.4003885214624], [52.8825487312111,-1.40059567013566], [52.88260150433,-1.40070535494081], [52.8826490701794,-1.40074685816099], [52.8826831964818,-1.40077047653735], [52.8827367781018,-1.40079986008625], [52.8827727229757,-1.40081331871963], [52.8828582405516,-1.40078849740347], [52.882938865167,-1.4007560159789], [52.8830005406596,-1.40072367665272], [52.8831234641796,-1.40065800811069], [52.8832244789697,-1.40082023033904], [52.8833150439035,-1.40095850830922], [52.8833821710221,-1.40059181968091], [52.8834099188422,-1.40043269613606], [52.8834711742291,-1.40022806776035], [52.8835157630292,-1.40006443145964], [52.883614267837,-1.3997863665852], [52.8836769140712,-1.3996010211095], [52.8838061168563,-1.39922693093314], [52.8838484874328,-1.39914755375173], [52.8839052710578,-1.3990918733769], [52.8839765452413,-1.39907521023433], [52.8840556306566,-1.39905308917318], [52.884132071219,-1.3990305885401], [52.8841901491934,-1.39900155014393], [52.8842213397039,-1.39897786176499], [52.884256420045,-1.39893765368317], [52.8842797443404,-1.39885879137995], [52.8842984424586,-1.39878772063914], [52.884317448512,-1.39873843167836], [52.8843261723411,-1.3986379700657], [52.88436885326,-1.39838379277631], [52.8847122511481,-1.39829323368732], [52.8852137034192,-1.39815328625135], [52.8856118090446,-1.39804637651542], [52.8857684305379,-1.39798917632906], [52.8860028008651,-1.39792999253693], [52.88601953166,-1.39790188068959], [52.8860625093733,-1.39767818444078], [52.8861482765233,-1.39770273650397], [52.8861268157956,-1.39782101952897], [52.8861219879718,-1.39789188674993], [52.8863003690862,-1.39784813091766], [52.8865508915779,-1.3977743952201], [52.8869966363528,-1.39765237292133], [52.8870837946066,-1.397625053095], [52.8871145506397,-1.39761856336439], [52.8871504236365,-1.39763196216277], [52.887174368863,-1.39764561547418], [52.8871978613138,-1.3976710307881], [52.8872318919137,-1.39773063118374], [52.8872776495273,-1.39779650448977], [52.8873246164257,-1.39784733573359], [52.8873715180599,-1.39788529751391], [52.8874327247137,-1.39792735635237], [52.8875096431785,-1.39799923391897], [52.8875383783201,-1.39803744755331], [52.8875580673308,-1.39808222177562], [52.8875660345383,-1.39811644272268], [52.8875772061463,-1.3983414330327], [52.8875745115392,-1.39875038426881], [52.8875665028055,-1.39904911775036], [52.8876853092327,-1.39903166230519], [52.8876963928593,-1.39900492082502], [52.8877179741234,-1.39891023344934], [52.8877319287355,-1.39885039895859], [52.887743490813,-1.39882406692388], [52.8877744544877,-1.3987893073479], [52.887800350994,-1.3987782187894], [52.8878600152331,-1.39877311337287], [52.8879638635877,-1.39878239287364], [52.8882119975992,-1.39881214885609], [52.8883213648087,-1.39881063648376], [52.8884063882688,-1.39879129898718], [52.8884764472706,-1.3987903301447], [52.8885305229596,-1.39880001570275], [52.8886220519946,-1.39884409509654], [52.888675378147,-1.3988690994358], [52.8888020233726,-1.39889074173339], [52.8887776033424,-1.39906933951965], [52.8887526829379,-1.39927349256891], [52.8887531817364,-1.39937217223249], [52.8887910086703,-1.39951966473294], [52.8888392164505,-1.39965256782338], [52.8889309965811,-1.39994221889482], [52.8889697644767,-1.40009105198735], [52.8890083840572,-1.40019272866237], [52.8890425069517,-1.40036528745016], [52.8890766685045,-1.40054555964963], [52.8891155651676,-1.40070225433836], [52.8891542045138,-1.400827563054], [52.8891975371498,-1.40093700839585], [52.8892215469135,-1.40097601881799], [52.8892459500275,-1.40110913386868], [52.8892797267829,-1.4011954216599], [52.8893208327454,-1.4012929784904], [52.8893521645837,-1.40133116012087], [52.8894093500643,-1.40134969412153], [52.8895704588013,-1.40134068328503], [52.8900839087659,-1.40131008458795], [52.8906590933965,-1.4012785159649], [52.8906975512218,-1.40129118473033], [52.8907755332403,-1.4013158536265], [52.8908703243643,-1.40132957483404], [52.8911159873241,-1.40135077539355], [52.8914917320672,-1.40136924842873], [52.8919103731305,-1.40141065997927], [52.8920721164445,-1.40142412862344], [52.8922196470733,-1.4014535930934], [52.8924957890791,-1.40152037848923], [52.892513381227,-1.40122944653211], [52.8925350818307,-1.40082815397459], [52.8925484529934,-1.40064707807715], [52.8926673879155,-1.40065328623199], [52.8928703847425,-1.40065622466242], [52.8929313090763,-1.40064251249947], [52.8929907912034,-1.4006030759614], [52.8930359755166,-1.40055738558418], [52.8930721244792,-1.40052042585047], [52.8931326068658,-1.4004208952102], [52.8931744275469,-1.40031612210629], [52.8932002997065,-1.40020755559317], [52.8934861999432,-1.398967277957], [52.8936197987531,-1.39841068756781], [52.893737656795,-1.3979024715805], [52.8937941602877,-1.39779163465834], [52.8940349734214,-1.39770716921607], [52.8941411972594,-1.39766724343902], [52.8942308522543,-1.39763593048801], [52.8942759032135,-1.39762445520032], [52.8943537119043,-1.39761478528571], [52.8944108108583,-1.39761614929079], [52.8945122118249,-1.3976533616912], [52.8945642111613,-1.3976719499566], [52.8946460444512,-1.397690124845], [52.894730529874,-1.39771899520662], [52.8948059889986,-1.3977565675642], [52.8949308643165,-1.39781920081458], [52.8949880483481,-1.39783557711083], [52.8951036601927,-1.39786187624475], [52.8951738911278,-1.39789308522738], [52.8952519498717,-1.39793276277968], [52.8953014492207,-1.39797069552829], [52.8953340657373,-1.39800673658059], [52.8954006978638,-1.39809592356595], [52.8954412692593,-1.39816198538141], [52.8954749662639,-1.39823211141422], [52.8955080891334,-1.39829182531338], [52.895583832403,-1.39838733825654], [52.8956615064763,-1.39845761412405], [52.8957711917705,-1.39851897429616], [52.8958663772987,-1.39854130708633], [52.895918107278,-1.39854577905421], [52.8959504394157,-1.39852388157163], [52.8961586139776,-1.39837938208993], [52.896222010868,-1.39833208114789], [52.8967544955666,-1.39831674189622], [52.8967441706154,-1.3981595073197], [52.896654531142,-1.39817082714167], [52.8966218506012,-1.3978665891956], [52.8965492591418,-1.39788046803953], [52.8965327832445,-1.3977300237051], [52.8967946903876,-1.3976624888786], [52.8968075634058,-1.39764300058944], [52.8968305229433,-1.39756328735683], [52.8968564628386,-1.39756078718754], [52.8969111162204,-1.39759221283781], [52.8969023695437,-1.39747341228353], [52.8971333245692,-1.39740031375887], [52.8971251920882,-1.39733176364803], [52.89720585226,-1.39731182565025], [52.8972366489474,-1.39755981328192], [52.8972506698618,-1.39757170444762], [52.8972646880733,-1.39771785944421], [52.8973086738159,-1.39818995354419], [52.8973213420505,-1.39824540433461], [52.8976703299045,-1.39826655709297], [52.8979292540685,-1.39826141120963], [52.8982068137259,-1.39820130155339], [52.8983389224157,-1.39816040504838], [52.8982942200159,-1.39761787605033], [52.8982292232241,-1.39674177629934], [52.8981970179134,-1.39599211662193], [52.8981421908937,-1.39531322111136], [52.8980963590209,-1.39471915909651], [52.8980422946688,-1.3941912908048], [52.8979879390199,-1.39360678987058], [52.8979094124146,-1.39283839896762], [52.897875621389,-1.3924901696474], [52.8978255462068,-1.3920112625936], [52.8977877975333,-1.39163847256561], [52.8977728313527,-1.39150350986025], [52.8977513200223,-1.39135789114476], [52.8977313314432,-1.39124984605502], [52.8976680558894,-1.39096760427038], [52.8976224774677,-1.39077606210791], [52.8974439539994,-1.39012195932523], [52.8973043792693,-1.38958880933347], [52.8971683727348,-1.38904027161316] | ||||||
Overview | Heritage Category: Park and Garden Grade: II* List Entry Number: 1000404 Date first listed: 04-Aug-1984 |
Formal gardens and pleasure grounds laid out 1830-51 by William Barron for the fourth
Earl of Harrington. The gardens were created using many mature trees which were transplanted
by methods pioneered by Barron's mentor at the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, William
McNab, and developed by Barron.
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
The estate was owned by Walter Blount, created Lord Mountjoy in 1465, during the C15
and it passed to Sir Michael Stanhope in the C16. It remained in the Stanhope family
who were created earls of Harrington in 1742. The second Earl made Elvaston his principal
seat in the later C18. The fourth Earl has been described as 'a renowned eccentric
and dandy' (Glenn Anderson Associates 1997) and following his marriage to actress
Maria Foote in 1831 and the scandalised reaction of polite society, he withdrew from
public life and concentrated on developing the Castle and grounds at Elvaston. The
Earl's interest in romantic medievalism and chivalric themes influenced the layout
of the gardens which were closed to the public until his death in 1851 but became
well known during the C19 through articles in gardening journals and writers such
as E Adveno Brooke.
The Stanhope family continued to live at Elvaston until the eleventh Earl moved to
Ireland in 1939. The site was let and subsequently sold to a development company in
1963. In 1969 it was acquired by Derbyshire County Council and opened as a Country
Park in 1970, in which use it remains (1998).
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING Elvaston Castle is situated c 6km south-east
of Derby city centre, immediately north and west of the village of Elvaston in an
area of rural and suburban character. The c 80ha site is on level land within the
flood plain of the River Derwent. The boundaries are fenced with the exception of
Elvaston Avenue which runs across open fields.
ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES The principal entrance was London Road Lodge (early C19,
listed grade II) which has lodges linked by a crenellated wall with a central gateway.
This entrance is at the southern end of the site on the A6 from which a drive, now
a path planted (C20) as an avenue of horse chestnuts, runs north to a set of gates
called the Golden Gate (listed grade II) which are flanked by piers of alabaster.
The ornate ironwork gates were purchased by the third Earl of Harrington in 1819 and
are thought to come from Paris (Colston Stone 1992). A path leads from them northwards
to the Castle. This approach is on the line of an avenue shown on an undated map prepared
for the third Earl of Harrington (and therefore made during the years 1760(79) by
G Grey. The avenue was planted or replanted by Barron during the 1830s. Another entrance
on the east side of the site in Elvaston leads to a drive running westwards past the
Golden Gate before turning northwards and then eastwards to the stable yard. A lodge
(listed grade II) is positioned beside the drive at the entrance to the yard. An entrance
with a lodge called Drive Lodge lies on the east side of the site on the B5010 and
a drive from it leads to the kitchen garden and paths leading westwards through the
site to the Castle. A drive leads from Home Farm (outside the registered area) on
the north-west side of the site and joins with Bedford Drive (see below) and with
paths leading south to the stable yard. The main visitor entrance created late C20
is c 320m north of Drive Lodge where a turning leads into a car park on the east side
of the site.
PRINCIPAL BUILDING Elvaston Castle (listed grade II*) was built in 1633 and altered
during the early C18. A major remodelling to designs by James Wyatt (1747-1813) took
place c 1817 in castellated Gothick style. Alterations of 1830 to 1840 were by L N
Cottingham.
There are two courtyards with buildings ranged around them to the west of the Castle.
Immediately to the west an arcaded shelter of 1970 runs along the north side of the
courtyard, with the walls of St Bartholomew's churchyard (listed grade II) on the
south side. The westernmost courtyard has a coach house and attached ancillary buildings
and stables (all listed grade II) ranged around the courtyard. Immediately south-west
of this there are a number of farm buildings in use as a riding school and museum
(1998), including an early C19 stable block (listed grade II) and mid C19 farm buildings
(listed grade II) which are ranged around a farmyard.
St Bartholomew's church (listed grade I) lies in a churchyard c 50m south-west of
the Castle. It has C13 origins with later additions and alterations including an extension
to the chancel of 1904 by G F Bodley. The churchyard contains the Harrington family
mausoleum.
GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS The gardens consist of formal gardens to the south and
south-east of the Castle, and less formal grounds with woodland and a lake to the
north and north-east.
Immediately south of the Castle the Parterre Garden has a formal layout with clipped
yew bushes and quartering paths between geometrical beds lined with clipped box. On
each side clipped and topiaried Irish and common yews frame the Garden and conceal
terraced walks which run north/south on the east and west sides of the Garden. The
parterre was created in 1970 on the site of a formal garden called Mon Plaisir. This
had a covered walk in the form of an exaggerated quatrefoil formed from clipped arbor
vitae hedges with loopholes to give light and entrances cut through the hedges. A
central mound was laid out with a star-shaped flower bed and had a single central
Araucaria, one of dozens introduced to the garden by Barron. It is shown in a bird's-eye
view of c 1856 by E Adveno Brooke, and in less complete form in an aerial photograph
of 1954 (both reproduced in GAA 1997). William Barron (1800(91) based the garden on
a C17 design by Daniel Marot, and it was probably laid out to evoke a medieval garden
in keeping with the romantic interests of the fourth Earl.
Steps lead up at the south end of the Garden to an opening formed between yews clipped
into the shape of a crown. From this a path leads westwards to the Alhambra Garden,
a grassed rectangle bordered by golden yews and birches overlooked from the south
end by the Moorish Temple (listed grade II). Adveno Brooke's c 1856 illustration shows
that it was laid out with low clipped hedges and formal flower beds. C19 accounts
state that it was enclosed by hedges of Portuguese laurel and yew. The style is termed
as Oriental Scroll style and raised circular beds are described. In the centre of
the Garden there was a golden yew in a raised bed surrounded with architectural edgings
of stone or tile. The Garden layout was removed in the mid C20.
Immediately east of the Parterre Garden and divided from it by clipped hedges is the
Italianate Garden. This occupies a rectangular grassed area bordered by tall yew hedges
with clipped hedges and simple topiary shapes cut into Irish yew bushes in the southern
part of the Garden. The Garden was known as the Garden of the Fairstar and had an
ironwork Moorish bower at the north end overlooking a crescent-shaped bank planted
with cedars and yews. Scroll-shaped flower beds lay to the south of the crescent and
topiary yews and junipers occupied the southernmost part of the Garden. This arrangement
is shown in an illustration by Adveno Brooke of c 1856 and on the 1881 OS map, but
it fell into disrepair and the bower was removed, probably in the mid C20.
The southern part of the garden, south of the formal gardens, is laid out with three
parallel avenues cut through evergreen and coniferous trees. The central avenue, called
Vault Avenue, is on the line of the carriage drive from London Road Lodge and the
Golden Gate entrance. A substantial ha-ha and stone wall (listed grade II with the
Gate) run on each side of the Gate separating the pleasure grounds from the park.
To the west Church Avenue is aligned with St Bartholomew's church and terminates at
the north end with a topiary feature called the Bird Cottage. The avenue to the east
is called School Avenue. This area contains a wide variety of evergreen trees which
represent what survives from an extensive collection arranged in plant groups by Barron.
On the east side stone steps lead down from a terrace in front of the Castle. Topiary
yews are positioned at the base of the steps and lead on to the Elvaston Avenue, much
as shown in a late C19 view by F O Morris. A bank and ha-ha conceal the B5010 so that
an uninterrupted view can be obtained along the Avenue from the Castle. This area
is shown with formal gardens and an avenue on the Grey map although it was comprehensively
replanted by Barron.
On the north side of the Castle grassed lawns are terraced down to the edge of a lake.
Late C20 concrete steps have been placed at various points to facilitate descent to
the shore of the lake. Some 60m north-east of the Castle the remains of a water feature
with stone foundations are all that survives of a fountain and rockwork grotto shown
in C19 views (GAA 1997). A number of mature cedars on the lakeside are the remains
of Barron's planting scheme and some can be identified with individual trees shown
on mid and late C19 prints and photographs (ibid). Paths lead around the lake perimeter
to a viewing point c 120m north of the Castle where a rockwork arch on the lake's
edge frames views across the water. The north side of the lake is wooded and some
of the trees are probably those planted as mature specimens by Barron. There are extensive
areas of rockwork all along the northern side of the lake, and c 200m north-east of
the Castle a large rockwork structure (listed grade II) built to represent a ruined
castle is flanked by rustic arcading. This cuts into a mound originally surmounted
by a spiral path and dense planting, from which views southwards over the lake to
the Castle can be obtained. The northern shore of the lake was also set out with earthworks
in the form of fortifications for the ruined castle, and a serpentine path, which
continues around the lake and returns along its southern shore. A boathouse (mid C19,
listed grade II) lies on the water's edge c 200m east of the Castle.
PARK North of the lake The Park is separated from the woodland around the lake by
a fence. The area is open grassland protected by a belt of trees through which a ride
called Bedford Drive runs. This was described by J C Loudon as 'having recently been
formed' in 1839 (Boniface 1987). Barron used the planting around The Park as a reserve
ground for conifers where they were brought on before being planted in their final
positions.
The Elvaston Avenue, aligned with the east side of the Castle, extends across arable
land for a distance of c 1.3km. It is on the line of an avenue shown on the Grey map.
J C Loudon describes 'fine old avenues' in 1839 (ibid), suggesting that some C18 planting
survived at that time. It was probably augmented and replanted by Barron, who cleared
away all trees and hedgerows in the line of the Avenue for a distance of c 10km so
that uninterrupted views could be obtained along it.
On the south side of the Castle the avenue from London Road Lodge is flanked by woodland
and areas of open grassland. South-west of the Castle there is a cricket ground and
open grassland divided from agricultural land by a fence.
KITCHEN GARDEN The kitchen garden lies c 400m south-east of the Castle and consists
of a sub-rectangular brick-walled enclosure (walls listed grade II) divided into two
unequal parts by a brick wall. The area to the west has been planted as a flower garden
in the late C20. The area to the east contains the remains of glasshouses along the
inner north wall. A range of ancillary buildings is built along the outer northern
wall.
This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by Historic England for its special historic interest.
Books and journals
Boniface, P, In search of English Gardens: the Travels of John Claudius Loudon and his wife Jane, (1987), 182-8
Brooke, EA, The Gardens of England, (1857), pls 15-17 [reproduced in GAA]
Elliot, B, Victorian Gardens, (1986), 8-17
Jellicoe, G, Jellicoe, S (et al), The Oxford Companion to Gardens, (1986), 161
Morris, FO, A Series of Picturesque Views of Seats of Noblemen and Gentlemen of Great Britain and Ireland. 2, (1866-80), [reproduced in GAA]
Pevsner, N, Williamson, E, The Buildings of England: Derbyshire, (1978), 210-11
Other
Archival sources are listed in the GAA (1997) and Colston Stone Partnership (1992) studies.
Elvaston Castle Historical Analysis and Restoration Proposals (Glenn Anderson Associates (GAA 1997)
Elvaston Castle Pilot Restoration Plan (Colston Stone Partnership 1992)
G Grey, A Map of the Parish of Elvaston, nd (prepared between 1760-79) [in GAA 1997]
Gardeners' Chronicle, (23 December 1876), p 807
Gardeners' Chronicle, (30 December 1876), p 838
OS 1" to 1 mile: 1st edition published 1836
OS 25" to 1 mile: 1st edition published 1881
Plan of the Parish of Elvaston, 1852 [in Colston Stone 1992]