| Identification and description | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | SEATON DELAVAL | ||||
| Location |
|
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| Localisation | Latitude: 55.074958 Longitude: -1.4896714 National Grid Reference: NZ 32683 75730, NZ 32899 75966, NZ3259676586 Map: Download a full scale map (PDF) |
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| Overview | Heritage Category: Park and Garden Grade: II* List Entry Number: 1001052 Date first listed: 01-Jan-1985 |
The remains of an early C18 garden, partially restored in the 1950s-60s, surrounding
a contemporary country house.
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
Seaton Delaval was owned by the de la Val family from the early C12. The old village
of Seaton Delaval which lay close to the church disappeared gradually some time after
1311. By 1628 there were no remaining houses, but there was a flock of 1300 sheep
(Beresford 1965). In 1628 Sir Ralph Delaval (1622-91) inherited and in 1660 was created
a baronet. His eldest son, also Sir Ralph, died in 1696 without a male heir and his
second son, Sir John Delaval inherited. Sir John was obliged to sell the estate to
his cousin, Admiral George Delaval, who from 1718 began building a new house at Seaton
Delaval, designed by Sir John Vanbrugh (1664-1726), but died in 1723. His nephew,
Captain Francis Delaval (1692-1752), inherited Seaton Delaval, having already inherited
Ford Castle, Northumberland from his mother in 1711. He married Rhoda Apreece, heiress
to Doddington Hall (qv) in Lincolnshire. The building of Seaton Delaval was completed
in 1728. A fire in the Hall in 1822 rendered the main block uninhabitable (CL 1923).
During both the First and Second World Wars the Hall was requisitioned. Restoration
of the Hall has taken place since 1950. The Hall and the estate continue (2000) in
private ownership.
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING Seaton Delaval lies c 13.5km north-east
of Newcastle upon Tyne, c 2km north-east of the village of Seaton Delaval, and 1.1km
west of the village of Seaton Sluice. The site comprises c 22ha. The north-west and
north-east boundaries abut fields, and the south-west boundary abuts Seaton Village
Farm and other housing. The south-east boundary abuts fields, partly following the
line of the ha-ha which divides the gardens from agricultural land beyond. South-west
of the Hall and the core of the site is the village of Seaton Delaval and linking
the two is The Avenue. Running north-east from the east corner of the gardens is Sea
Walk which connects the site with the village of Seaton Sluice. A plantation, Obelisk
Plantation, together with an obelisk, are included as outliers within the fields,
c 700m south-east of the main site. The landform is flat, it being part of the coastal
plain. The setting is largely rural despite the proximity of the mining villages.
ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES The main entrance to the Hall is off The Avenue which runs
north-east from Seaton Delaval village for 1.8km, crossing the railway line, with
an obelisk base (C18, listed grade II) standing c 600m south-west of the Hall, to
the north of The Avenue. Some 200m south-west of the Hall The Avenue curves sharply
north and east to arrive at the main gates (C18, gates renewed C20, listed grade II),
standing 100m north-west of the Hall and aligned with the north-west, entrance front.
From the main gates an axial gravel path, flanked by lawns, leads up a slope to the
forecourt on the north-west front, which is enclosed on three sides by elements of
the Hall. From the main gates The Avenue continues north-eastwards to the village
of Seaton Sluice.
PRINCIPAL BUILDING Seaton Delaval Hall (1728, listed grade I) stands towards the centre
of the site. It is built of ashlar with varying rustication, and has slate roofs.
The central part of the building has six bays and three storeys with flanking canted
two-storey towers which, together with the west and east wings, enclose the forecourt
to the north-west on three sides. The south-east (garden) front has a large portico
which gives access from the central garden door onto a broad flight of steps, leading
down to the lawns below. The Hall is sited midway along the north-west edge of a rectangular
platform, 350m by 225m, which is largely enclosed by a ha-ha or ditch (early C18,
listed grade II) with angle bastions.
Designed by Sir John Vanbrugh in 1719 for Admiral Delaval, the Hall was completed
for his successor Captain Francis Delaval in 1728. The Admiral had intended to alter
the old house, which was in a bad state of repair, but after a visit from Vanbrugh
he decided to build a new house (CL 1923). The old house, demolished in 1720, was
a Tudor manor house adjoining a tower, probably C14, which was enlarged into a large
Jacobean mansion (guidebook). Leland (Chandler 1993) mentions Delaval Castle c 1539
as being a mile from the coast. An OS map of 1860 marks the 'supposed site of the
Castle' as being south-west of the Church of Our Lady and east of the south-western
ha-ha.
The stables occupy the north-east wing. The Coach House, built of square tooled stone,
with attached yard walls (early C18, listed grade II), stands to the east of the north-east
wing. The south-west wing now (2000) contains domestic accommodation.
A short path leads between two finial-topped gate piers to the Privy House (early
C18, listed grade II). Standing 30m east of the north-east wing and set behind a stone
wall, the Privy House is built in Palladian style of square tooled stone. Close by,
100m east of the Hall, is the Icehouse (probably C18, listed grade II) with a front
wall of squared stone with a wooden door, and grassed earth mound to the rear. Farm
buildings (C18, listed grade II) 150m north-east of the Hall are built of coursed
squared stone.
GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS The fortified gardens to the Hall, built 1719-28, are
enclosed within the ha-ha on the south-west, south-east, and north-east sides, and
part of the north-west side, with the Hall forming the remainder of the north-west
boundary. Set at the four corners are semicircular bastions.
The main gardens now (2000) lie south-west of the Hall. From a gravel path outside
the south-west wing the garden is entered through ornamental iron gates surmounted
by a coat of arms brought in from Melton Constable (qv), Norfolk in the mid C20. The
gates are flanked by low railings. Beyond, to the south-west lies a rectangular garden
laid out as a parterre by James Russell in 1950. This garden is enclosed by the ha-ha
to the north-west and south-west, with a semicircular bastion standing in the west
corner. At the north-east end stands an upper grassed terrace from which two flights
of stone steps on either side of the terrace balustrade lead south-west down to the
larger, lower terrace, hedged on the north-west and south-east sides. Gravel paths
lead south-westwards across the lower terrace on either side of a lawn with a central
fountain and box-edged parterres at the south-west and north-east ends. On either
side of the gravel paths are long narrow parterres. Between the outer hedges and the
parterres are lines of square, clipped yews.
Between the south-east side of the enclosed rectangular garden and the central block
of the Hall, to the east, are a series of smaller gardens. Abutting the south-east
front of the south-west wing of the Hall is a parterre rose garden. South-east of
the rose garden is a semicircular lawn with a mature weeping ash in the centre. Surrounding
the lawn is a gravel path and lying to the south-east, herbaceous and shrub borders.
South-west of the rose garden is a grassed and hedged enclosure with a central square
pond edged with paving designed in the late C20. At the south-west end of the garden
the hedges have been cut away to reveal a small wooden summerhouse with a pyramidal
roof. Beyond the hedged enclosure is a laburnum walk, also late C20, terminated by
an ironwork pergola covered with climbers set in a circular brick-paved area.
The steps from the portico on the south-east front of the Hall lead down to a gravel
path crossing the lawn parallel to the Hall. Beyond the gravel path the lawn runs
south-east to iron fencing and beyond that, 150m south-east of the Hall, the ha-ha
dividing the garden platform from the fields beyond. The area lying south-east of
the Hall is now (2000) grazed.
The Church of Our Lady (early C12, listed grade I), built of squared stone with slate
roofs, stands 100m south-west of the Hall. This was the family's private chapel until
the 1890s. The church is approached by a drive south-east off The Avenue between gate
piers (early C18 and C19, listed grade II).
PARK The area beyond the gardens, east of the Hall and ha-ha, is arable land. Running
along the south-east boundary of this land is the Sea Walk which passes the Mausoleum
(1766, listed grade II*), standing 350m from the east bastion of the garden platform.
The Mausoleum is built of ashlar to a cruciform plan, and is surrounded by a circular
ha-ha (probably 1766, listed grade II). The west elevation has a pedimented tetrastyle
Roman Doric portico with central bow on the east elevation. The Mausoleum, built presumably
for Sir Francis Delaval who died in 1771, appears not to have been used, as traditionally
Sir John Delaval could not agree with Bishop of Durham over a fee for its consecration
(LB description).
Continuing north-eastwards from the Mausoleum the Sea Walk leads to the village of
Seaton Sluice. The Walk runs through a narrow band of woodland planted mainly with
sycamore. The end of the path, c 1.1km east of the Hall, is marked by a small gate
(now, 2000, disused) in a wall dividing the Walk and the C20 housing of Seaton Sluice
village. The natural harbour of the village was used for the export of coal and salt
but silted up. A sluice was built by Sir Ralph Delaval in the 1660s giving the village
its name. Charles II appointed Sir Ralph Collector and Surveyor of his own port (CL
1923).
An axial link may be seen linking the Hall with the Obelisk (C18, listed grade II),
standing 900m to the south-east, the Egg Pond, lying 450m to the south-east of the
Hall (outside the area here registered), and the site of fishponds, now (2000) gone,
formerly c 300 north-west of the Hall and also beyond the area here registered. These
may be the remains of a formal C18 layout. North-east of the obelisk is Obelisk Plantation.
Admiral Delaval, in a letter to his brother of c 1717, mentions planting avenues (CL
1923).
KITCHEN GARDEN The c 1.5ha walled kitchen garden (C18, listed grade II) lies c 150m
north-east of the Hall. Set into the north-west wall is the Orangery (early C18, listed
grade II*), possibly designed by Vanbrugh. It has a Roman Doric arcaded five-bay front
with semicircular windows and a central door. South-west of the Orangery is the early
C20 gardener's cottage and north-east of the Orangery is a C20 lean-to greenhouse,
all the buildings being divided from the main garden by a wooden fence. A further
fence runs south-east to the boundary wall, separating the south-west side used for
grazing from the north-east side planted with fruit trees. A small pond in the centre
of the kitchen garden is enclosed by a fence. The rounded wall of the north-east bastion
impinges on the south-west boundary of the garden. Seaton Cottage (early C18 and later,
listed grade II) stands at the south-east corner of the garden, flanked to the north-east
and south-west by screen walls, and overlooking a small square garden to the south-east.
In 1923 the Orangery is shown with stone dancing putti on the roof (CL 1923). These
have now (2000) been moved to a wall within the ha-ha. On the 1860 OS map the garden
was laid out in square and rectangular compartments edged by trees.
REFERENCES
Country Life, 54 (8 December 1923), pp 800-08; (15 December 1923), pp 860-8; 107 (2
June 1950), pp 1648-52 L Whistler, Sir John Vanbrugh, Architect and Dramatist (1938)
E G R Taylor, An Atlas of Tudor England and Wales, Forty Plates from John Speed's
Pocket Atlas of 1627 (1951) N Pevsner and I A Richmond, The Buildings of England:
Northumberland (1957, reprinted 1974) M Beresford, The Lost Villages of England (5th
impression 1965), pp 172-3 Seaton Delaval Hall, Northumberland, guidebook, (1966)
J Chandler, John Leland's Itinerary, Travels in Tudor England (1993) C Ridgeway and
R Williams, Sir John Vanbrugh and Landscape Architecture in Baroque England (2000),
pp 57, 60, pls 35-37
Maps OS 6" to 1 mile: 1924 edition OS 25" to 1 mile: 1st edition published 1860
Description written: September 2000 Amended (SR): April 2001 Register Inspector: CEB
Edited: July 2003
This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by Historic England for its special historic interest.