| Identification and description | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | LINDISFARNE CASTLE | ||||
| Location |
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| Localisation | Latitude: 55.669031 Longitude: -1.7845577 National Grid Reference: NU 13650 41746, NU1362641932 Map: Download a full scale map (PDF) |
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| Overview | Heritage Category: Park and Garden Grade: II List Entry Number: 1001050 Date first listed: 01-Jan-1985 |
Walled garden designed by the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens, in partnership with the
plantswoman, garden designer, and artist Gertrude Jekyll.
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
In 1902, Edward Hudson, owner of Country Life bought the C16 ruined castle on Holy
Island and commissioned the young Edwin Lutyens (1869-1944) to convert it into a residence.
Involved at Lindisfarne until 1912, Lutyens evolved and executed a garden design in
partnership with Gertrude Jekyll (1843-1932). Initially, Hudson's vision included
a water garden, tennis court, and croquet lawn but the increasing cost of Lutyens'
architectural scheme resulted in the existing walled garden being the focus of gardening
activity.
Following research and archaeological excavation led by Michael Tooley in the 1970s,
the garden layout, including paths, has been restored. The planting scheme has been
reinstated according to Jekyll's plans, as far as practicable allowing for some plant
varieties being no longer in cultivation. Jekyll's scheme is a microcosm of the typical
techniques that she developed elsewhere for larger, grander gardens, using large drifts
of plants set in irregular swathes and emphasising colour harmony.
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING Holy Island, 9.6km east of the A1 and
30km due east of Coldstream, is a flat tidal island. It is linked to the mainland
by a causeway, passable only at low tide. Lindisfarne Castle sits on a rocky crag,
on the island's easternmost tip. It is visible from the opposite Northumberland shore.
ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES Lindisfarne Castle is approached from the west, the road
leading eastwards from Holy Island around The Ouse. The walled garden lies across
lawns, further east from the Castle. PRINCIPAL BUILDING The C16 castle ruin (listed
grade I) was converted and restored by Lutyens to form a 'vision of passages hewn
into the rock, of large vaulted chambers ' and of beamed ceilings - nothing vast like
Castledrogo in Devon, but something equally romantic' (Pevsner and Richmond 1957).
The Castle is now (2000) in the care of the National Trust.
GARDEN The 0.5ha walled garden (listed grade II), roughly quadrilateral in plan, lies
450m east of the Castle. Its curved, random rubble wall rises 3.6m high on three sides,
the fourth is ramped down to the south to meet a lower wall 1.5m high. A central entrance
of this south wall leads through a wooden gate set over decorative cobblestone paving.
The garden has a geometric layout, which Lutyens laid out using false perspective,
so as to give it a larger size in appearance when viewed from the Castle ramparts
above. Jekyll's planting design aimed to reinforce this perspective illusion. The
National Trust reinstated the scheme in the 1970s.
The garden is laid out with random flagstone paving and formal beds. The central bed
is surrounded by rectangular and L-shaped beds, the latter edged with stachys along
the major north/south axis. Clumps of Clematis flammula are combined with groups of
delphiniums, planned so as to allow for successive colour schemes. Some plants from
the original planting scheme had survived, notably rose 'Zepherine Drouhin', Shasta
daisies, Fuschia magellanica, and kniphofias.
REFERENCES
N Pevsner and I A Richmond, The Buildings of England: Northumberland (1957, reprinted
1974), p 188 Lindisfarne Castle, Northumberland, guidebook, (National Trust 1975)
M and R Tooley, Gardens of Gertrude Jekyll in Northern England (1982)
Maps OS 6" to 1 mile: 1st edition surveyed c 1860, published 1865 3rd edition surveyed
1922, published 1926
Archival items Copies of the Jekyll planting plans are held on microfilm (folder 91)
at the NMR, Swindon.
Description written: April 2002 Register Inspector: KC Edited: July 2003
This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by Historic England for its special historic interest.