Identification and description | |||||||||
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Name | BLACKDOWN PARK | ||||||||
Location |
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Localisation | Latitude: 51.050059 Longitude: -0.69477505 National Grid Reference: SU9158628667 Map: Download a full scale map (PDF) |
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Overview | Heritage Category: Park and Garden Grade: II List Entry Number: 1001207 Date first listed: 01-Jun-1984 |
An early to mid C19 garden, with surviving C18 and possibly earlier features and with
early C20 additions, set within mid C19 parkland.
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
The present house appears to date from 1640 when an estate at Blackdown was owned
by the Yalden or Yaldwyn family, who were iron-masters. William Yaldwyn is recorded
as becoming MP for Midhurst in 1659. The estate remained in the family until sold
in 1840 to James Henry. After his death it was acquired by Sir Frederick Phillipson-Stow
whose son, Sir Elliot, succeeded him in 1908. Blackdown remained in the family until
the mid C20. A sale of the estate farmland took place in 1950 and in the 1980s the
buildings of Blackdown Farm were converted to dwellings. Blackdown House and the surrounding
gardens changed hands again in 1997 and was re-named Blackdown Park. The whole estate
remains (1997) in several private ownerships.
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING Blackdown Park lies c 4km south-south-west
of Haslemere, midway between the villages of Fernhurst, to the west on the A286 and
Northchapel, to the east on the A283. The registered site comprises c 7ha of formal
and ornamental gardens around Blackdown Park and within Blackdown Copse and c 47ha
of surrounding parkland with several small woods.
The site lies on the lower, south-facing slopes of Black Down, a high sandstone promontory
which projects southwards, affording panoramic views over the Rother valley to the
South Downs. On its eastern side the parkland is cut by a shallow, south-east-running
stream valley.
A narrow lane running west to east beneath the steeply rising wooded slopes of Black
Down forms the site's northern boundary. To the west, agricultural fencing and boundary
tree belts enclose the site from the wooded farmland beyond while to the south and
south-east the parkland merges into farmland with hedges and copses. A belt of pasture
and the buildings of Blackdown Farm abut the eastern boundary with woodland on rising
ground beyond.
ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES The site is entered from the lane to the north, through stone
gate piers. The drive sweeps south-eastwards down the slope of parkland before swinging
westwards to approach the gravelled forecourt on the south, principal front of the
house. A route in from the north is shown as a constant feature on maps since the
late C18, although in 1841 (Tithe map of Lodsworth), it followed a course hard-up
against the east edge of the garden. J C Loudon arrived from this northerly direction
on his visit in 1829. At the point of its westward swing to the house, a branch from
this drive continues south-eastwards, becoming a track through the farmyard of Blackdown
Farm before following a stone-surfaced straight course east of the stream towards
a lodge, built by 1840 (Tithe map of Lurgashall), in the south-east corner. Gardner
and Gream's map of 1795 and the OS Old Series, published 1813, show a further drive
from the south, now gone, which ran up the up the valley on the west side of the stream.
PRINCIPAL BUILDING Blackdown Park (listed grade II*) lies on the south-facing slope
of Black Down, in a fold created by a knoll which rises steeply immediately from the
forecourt on the south front and which largely encloses the house from the park. The
nucleus of the house, which is constructed of sandstone with a C20 tiled roof, was
probably built by William Yaldwin (incised panel over the entrance arch) in 1640.
It consisted in plan of a simple square with outbuildings on the west side in the
form of a south-facing open court. Alterations were made in 1844-6 by Anthony Salvin
(1799-1881) in which the house was extended by the addition of wings at both the south-east
corner and along the west elevation (OS 1st edition 1875; Nairn and Pevsner 1965).
Further additions were made in 1891 in which a large extension to the west wing was
built on the site of the outbuildings, the southern parts of these being demolished
at the same time (OS 1912). The house is currently (1997) undergoing restoration and
repair.
GARDENS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS The ornamental gardens to Blackdown Park are laid out
in a narrow band of terraces on slopes north of the house and on the knoll to the
south. From the south forecourt, the grass knoll rises steeply in a broad band of
five shallow terraces, connected by central, short flights of stone steps. The terraces,
now framed by trees and shrubs, were described by Loudon in 1829 as lined by 'an avenue
of very old silver firs' and leading to a prospect house. The firs, now (1997) gone,
were still recorded on the OS 3rd edition map published in 1912, while the prospect
house, shown on the 1841 Tithe map, had apparently gone by 1875 (OS 1st edition).
The summit of the knoll is now crowned by an open, grassy platform, offering extensive
distant views; paths from it lead into an informal garden of fine mature exotic and
native trees (with some mid/late C20 replacements) underplanted with rhododendrons
and open glades and with several pools, added in the late C19 or early C20, in the
south-west corner. The whole garden, pear-shaped in plan, is enclosed from the park
within a wall, some 1.5m high and largely of stone but with brick sections on the
east side. This walled garden is shown established, with paths and a number of tree
clumps, on the Tithe map of 1841.
Some 25m east of the south forecourt of the house, on the drive entering from the
east, the garden wall terminates in a pair of stone gate piers and wrought-iron gates.
North of the drive, a gravelled path from the forecourt leads, on the east front,
through a sunken terraced garden (established by 1875, OS 1st edition), enclosed on
its east side by a bastion wall and by balustrading. From the north front of the house,
the lawn rises in two terraces, the upper one containing a fountain and basin in 1875
(gone by 1912, OS 3rd edition). A detached conservatory, built by 1875, is sited in
the north-west corner of the terraces (15m from the house). Beyond the terraces the
lawn follows a gentle upward slope, framed by a path on each side and enclosing shrubbery
(the shrubbery bank on the east side marking the parish boundary). At the top of the
slope are two further grass terraces. From the north-east corner of the upper one,
a former tennis court, a path leads northwards through a bank of rockwork into a stream
garden, enclosed by shrubbery and with a rockwork watercourse and pool. Both the terraces
and the stream garden, laid out between 1895 and 1912 (OS 2nd and 3rd editions), were
the sites of ponds in the early C19 (OS Old Series, published 1813). A remnant of
the lower pond survives (1997) below the west side of the tennis court. The stream
garden is terminated at the north end by the dam of the topmost pond, which survives
from the three in 1841. The pond is enclosed to the north by a steep grassed bank
with ornamental shrubbery and is overlooked by a small pumphouse, linked to the pond
by a series of rocky waterfalls.
West of the tennis court terrace and its pond (100m north-west of the house) is a
small brick-built dovecote with a tile roof, shown as part of a more extensive building
on the OS 1st edition of 1875. It is built on the site of the former kitchen garden,
shown laid out in four quartiles on the Tithe map of 1841. There is a brick-built
icehouse in the bank, c 25m to the south-east of the dovecote.
PARK The parkland lies to the west, east and south-east of the ornamental gardens.
The western area contains only two or three parkland trees and is laid to pasture.
It is not shown as parkland until 1896 (OS 2nd edition) and was not extensively planted
then, only a few conifers having been planted by 1912 (OS 3rd edition).
The parkland east and south-east of the gardens, either side of the stream valley,
contains three ponds, all in existence in 1840 (Tithe map). Tree cover consists of
a scatter of individual trees and clumps, including several exotic conifers, surviving
from more extensive late C19 clumps, in the northern area around the entrance drive
to the house. This parkland is shown established on the OS 1st edition of 1875 and
appears to have been laid out between 1842 and 1875 and, as with that to the west
of the house, does not appear to have been extensively planted. The site of surviving
parkland trees to the east of Little Warren wood was still enclosed as a wood in 1840
(Tithe map). The drive north from the lodge, planted in sections with avenue trees
in the late C20, also does not appear to have been planted as an avenue previously
(OS 1st, 2nd and 3rd editions).
Blackdown Copse, in the north-east corner of the site, is partly planted as an ornamental,
exotic garden. The wood is shown on Greenwood's map surveyed 1823-4 and by 1875 already
contained groups of conifers and a path system, one branch of which connected buildings
in the north-east corner of the wood (now, 1997, converted to dwellings) with garden
buildings on the north side of Blackdown Park.
REFERENCES
Gardener's Magazine 5, (1829), pp 579-81 D G C Elwes, A History of the Castles, Mansions
and Manors of Western Sussex (1876), p 141 Victoria History of the County of Sussex
IV, (1953), pp 72-3 I Nairn and N Pevsner, The Buildings of England: Sussex (1965),
p 106 Sussex Archaeological Collections 105, (1967), p 46
Maps W Gardner and T Gream, A Topographical Map of the County of Sussex ..., 1" to
1 mile, published 1795 C and J Greenwood, Map of the County of Sussex from an actual
survey ..., 1" to 1 mile, surveyed 1823(4 Tithe map for Lodsworth parish, 1841 (West
Sussex Record Office) Tithe map for Lurgashall parish, 1840 (West Sussex Record Office)
OS Old Series, 1" to 1mile, published 1813 OS 6" to 1 mile: 1st edition published
1874-8 2nd edition published 1895 3rd edition published 1913 OS 25" to 1 mile: 1st
edition published 1875 2nd edition published 1895 3rd edition published 1912
Archival items Sale catalogue for Blackdown Estate, 1950 (E460), (West Sussex Record
Office) Photographs of house, c 1870s (E460), (West Sussex Record Office) S H Grimm,
Mr Yalding's house on Blackdown nr Farnhurst, (Add Mss 5675 fos 1, 2 & 5; 7, 4 & 6),
(British Museum) Newspaper article, October 1969 (copy on EH file)
Description written: July 1997 Amended: January 2000 Register Inspector: VCH Edited:
June 2000
This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by Historic England for its special historic interest.